William H. Foege, a pivotal figure in the global eradication of smallpox and a former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), has died at the age of 89. His passing marks the end of an era for public health, as Foege’s contributions not only eliminated one of history’s deadliest diseases but also reshaped the CDC’s approach to preventative medicine.
The Smallpox Campaign: A Defining Achievement
In the 1970s, Foege spearheaded a vaccination strategy that proved instrumental in wiping out smallpox, a disease that had plagued humanity for millennia. His work with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the CDC transformed a seemingly insurmountable challenge into a historic triumph. This success wasn’t just about medicine; it was about logistical innovation, including the use of a “ring vaccination” technique where contacts of new cases were vaccinated, rather than mass campaigns.
Leading the CDC Through Shifting Priorities
Foege served as director of the CDC under both Presidents Carter and Reagan, championing an expanded vision for the agency. He pushed for the CDC to address leading causes of death beyond infectious diseases, including injuries and even gun violence—a controversial move that brought him into conflict with the National Rifle Association and conservative lawmakers.
Beyond Eradication: Global Impact on Vaccination
After leaving the CDC in 1983, Foege continued to influence global health by creating programs that dramatically increased childhood vaccination rates worldwide. His peers often sought his counsel, recognizing his unique ability to bridge scientific rigor with practical implementation. Former New York City health commissioner Dr. Thomas Frieden famously described Foege as “the Babe Ruth of public health,” underscoring his legendary status in the field.
Foege’s legacy extends beyond specific programs; he demonstrated that public health is not just about treating illness but preventing it, and that the most effective solutions often require political courage and a willingness to challenge the status quo. His passing leaves a void in the field, but his impact on global health will endure for generations.
The eradication of smallpox stands as one of humanity’s greatest achievements, and William H. Foege was at the heart of it. His work not only saved millions of lives but also proved that even the most daunting public health challenges can be overcome with strategic vision, dedication, and a commitment to science.
